Assessing the expansion and success of a restored population of Gongolaria barbata (Stackhouse) Kuntze (Fucales, Phaeophyceae) using high-precision positioning tools and size distribution frequencies

Ongoing human pressures over recent decades have caused the loss and ensuing impoverishment of complexity diversity Mediterranean habitats dominated by algal species order Fucales. Gongolaria barbata, a habitat-forming Fucales that has disappeared in several places across Mediterranean, was reintroduced cove (Cala Teulera, Maó Bay, Menorca) where it known to been locally extinct for more than 40 years. Reintroduction performed 2011 using innovative non-destructive techniques. Here we describe expansion patterns population ten years after its reintroduction, look at size-structure distribution restored compared one only natural populations Spain (Fornells Menorca). Newly settled individuals exhibit progressive dispersal pattern from restoration sites, favouring rocky substrates shallowest level parallel shore. The area occupied G. barbata increased almost three orders magnitude years, approximately 3.6 m2 initially current 2093 m2. Recruits juveniles dominate but some reached large size classes, overall resembling reference population. high-resolution cartography included our study enables an accurate mid long-term assessment barbata. Incorporating such tools marine forests would facilitate implementation efficient management policies will help reinforce their conservation